FUNCTION PLUS LOYALTY Essay Example

FUNCTION PLUS LOYALTY Essay Example FUNCTION PLUS LOYALTY Essay FUNCTION PLUS LOYALTY Essay Introduction The outgrowth of functionalist attacks to interlingual rendition in the 1970s and 1980s was rather radical in that it marked the move from what Munday ( 2001: 72 ) describes as the inactive lingual typologies of interlingual rendition displacement , a term defined by Catford ( 1965: 73 ) as departures from formal correspondence in the procedure of traveling from the SL to the TL , to a consideration of the overall map of the Target Text ( TT ) in the Target Culture ( TC ) . However, these attacks have been criticised on assorted evidences. This paper investigates one of these unfavorable judgments and whether Chritiane Nord s impression of function plus trueness adequately addresses the issue. SKOPOSTHEORIE : As a term, functionalism is used to mention to the sum of attacks to translation that focal point on the overall map ( s ) of a text or interlingual rendition ( Nord 1997:1 ) . In other words, functionalism has been expressed or practised otherwise by different bookmans and transcribers. However, they all appear to hold drawn inspiration from what Vermeer has calledskopostheorie, the birth of which seemingly marked the beginning offunctionalism( Honig 1997: 6 ) . Harmonizing to Vermeer ( 2004 ) , [ T ] he skopos of a interlingual rendition is the end or intent, defined by the committee and if necessary adjusted by the transcriber ( 236 ) and this impression of skopos can be applied in the interlingual rendition procedure, the interlingual rendition consequence every bit good as the interlingual rendition manner ( 230 ) . This skopos determines whether a text should be translated word for word or paraphrased or even adapted. As Nord ( 1997 ) puts it, the Skoposof a peculiar interlingual rendition undertaking may necessitate a free ora faithful interlingual rendition, or anything between these two extremes, depending on the intent for which the interlingual rendition is needed ( 29 ) . Thus a individual text can engender different interlingual renditions harmonizing to the different interlingual rendition Jockey shortss provided. This attack was rather fresh in that it, to a big extent, addressed the eternal quandary of free V faithful interlingual renditions, dynamic V formal equality, good translators vs slavish transcribers, and so on ( Nord 1997: 29 ) . However, it has besides received rather a figure of unfavorable judgments. One of such onslaughts came from Pym ( 1996 ) who inquiries the ability of functionalism to supply a footing for a professional moralss of interlingual rendition. He so asks: Can such a theory generate a manner of spoting between good and bad intents, between good and bad interlingual rendition schemes? Or is its purpose simply to bring forth materialistic experts, able to contend under the flag of any purpose able to pay them? ( 2 ) Pym inquiries the evident disregard of the ST, undue accent on the TT and the freedom skopostheorie gives the transcriber to bring forth any sort of text as dictated by the interlingual rendition brief, whether or non the said brief is a far call from the purposes of the writer of the beginning text. In response to such unfavorable judgments, Nord added the construct of loyalty to functionalism. FUNCTION PLUS LOYALTY Chritiane Nord maintains that the trueness rule is meant to account for the culture-specificity of interlingual rendition constructs, puting an ethical restriction to the otherwise limitless scope of possibleskopoifor the interlingual rendition of one peculiar beginning text ( 2007:2-3 ) . Loyalty is used to mention to the duty of transcribers, as go-betweens between two civilizations, towards their spouses viz. , the source-text writer, the client or commissioner of the interlingual rendition, and the target-text receiving systems ( Nord 2001: 185 ) . It may besides be seen as taking into history the purposes and outlooks ofallthe spouses in the communicative interaction named interlingual rendition ( 195 ) . Though the client s brief determines the skopos of the interlingual rendition, it is non the lone determining factor for the interlingual rendition. The transcriber should be loyal to the ST writer by guaranting that he non bring forth a TT that falsifies the writer s purpose s ( Nord 2005:32 ) . In other words, trueness ensures some compatibility between the ST and the TT. The transcriber should besides be loyal to the mark audience, who have some outlooks of what the interlingual renditions should be like, by explicating in a footer or precede how they arrived at a peculiar significance, the thought-process involved. Nord distinguishes trueness from fidelity or equality. While she sees the former as an interpersonal relationship between the transcriber and his spouses, the latter she sees as constructs used to mention to the lingual or stylistic similarity between the beginning and the mark texts, irrespective of the communicative purposes involved ( 2001: 185 ) HOW ADEQUATE? This subdivision looks at the adequateness of Nord s map plus trueness rule to interlingual rendition, particularly in relation to Pym s accusal of skopostheorie bring forthing merely materialistic experts. In the first topographic point, it checks the evident freedom of the transcriber to bring forth any sort of interlingual rendition in conformity with the client s brief. While map requires that the interlingual rendition be modelled to suit into the brief provided by the commissioner, trueness requires the transcriber to warrant their pick of interlingual rendition method by sing the involvements of all the participants involved in the interlingual rendition, non merely that of the client. A transcriber should non bring forth a interlingual rendition that goes contrary to the brief ; they besides should fulfill the outlooks of the mark audience every bit good as non distort the purposes of the writer. So if the brief betrays the communicative purposes of the writer, it is so the transcriber s responsibility to pull the attending of the client to this evident anomalousness. Pym ( 2007: 132 ) quotes Nord as stating that If the client asks for a interlingual rendition that would intend being unpatriotic to either the writer or the mark readership or both, the transcriber should reason this point with the client or possibly even refuse to bring forth the interlingual rendition on ethical evidences . So the transcriber is non a mere materialistic since they do non accept whatever skopos is given them. Downie puts it this manner: With the add-on of the impression of loyalty the transcriber is now ethically and professionally responsible to either detect the outlooks their spouses have of their work or to state them why these outlooks have non been met ( 2 ) , This rule reduces the figure of skopoi that could be generated for a individual interlingual rendition text. Two inquiries may be raised against the trueness rule, one of which has been partially answered in Downie s quotation mark above viz. : is it ever possible for every party to be made happy by the transcriber? Harmonizing to Nord, the transcriber has the moral duty non to interpret on a brief that will distort the writer s purpose. If after explicating the state of affairs to the client and the client insists on non modifying the brief to do up for the defect, the transcriber has the moral duty to decline to make the interlingual rendition. Downie has already highlighted what the transcriber should make if the interlingual rendition goes contrary to the outlooks of the receiving audience. In Nord s words, if the mark civilization expects the interlingual rendition to be a actual reproduction of the original, transcribers can non merely interpret in a non-literal manner without stating the mark audience what they have done and why ( 1997: 125 ) . This increases the degree of assurance the audience has on the transcriber and makes them more ready to accept the interlingual rendition as of a good quality even if their ( the audience s ) outlooks are non met. This raises the 2nd inquiry: will the acceptance of the documental interlingual rendition in state of affairss where the beginning civilization is markedly different from the mark civilization, seen in the extra accounts the transcriber has to do for the reader, non impact the response of the work since the audience is cognizant that the text is non the original, but a interlingual rendition? Though the reader might be affected by the realization, the manner shows that the transcriber has some regard for the reader and will assist construct their assurance in the transcriber for taking the strivings to explicate their scheme and picks. One other issue the trueness rule references is the supposed dethronement of the beginning text. This is besides one of the bases for Pym accusal of transcribers as being mere materialistic experts since the ST may ensue in TTs with which it portions a really tenuous relationship. Loyalty insists that the communicative purposes of the writer be reproduced in the TT. And this can merely be achieved when a elaborate analysis of the ST is done to appreciate its topographic point in the beginning civilization, temporally and spatially. Nord insists that the reading of a text goes beyond the lingual, that it is a merchandise of the many variables of the state of affairs ( clip, topographic point, references ) in which it originated ( 1997: 119 ) , and that the analysis of extratextual factors such as writer, clip, topographic point, or medium may cast some visible radiation on what may hold been the transmitter s purposes ( 125-6 ) . The transcriber so does a similar extratextual surve y of the mark state of affairs to place the look that best reflects the writer s purposes in the mark state of affairs. So in the chief, the TT purposes are hinged on those of the ST. Decision It is self-evident that a text is unfastened to multiple readings, and interlingual renditions. But Nord s impression of map plus trueness has so restricted the otherwise arbitrary production of interlingual rendition Jockey shortss and interlingual renditions that are a far call from the message of the ST. It besides weakens the unfavorable judgment that functionalism advocates a dethronement of the ST. However, the satisfaction of every party involved in the interlingual rendition procedure is merely but an ideal, non ever operable. But trueness has made the transcriber more responsible and witting of their interlingual renditions and increased the assurance of other participants on the transcriber. Indeed if transcribers will adhere to this charge of being loyal, the jobs of mistranslations will be greatly reduced. Mentions Catford, J. C. 1965.A Linguistic Theory of Translation. London: Oxford. Downie, Jonathan. The End of an Era? Does skopos theory enchantment the terminal of the free V actual paradigm? online: Pneuma Foundation: In depth resources: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.pneumafoundation.org/resources/in_depth.jsp Homig, Hans G. 1997. Position, power and pattern: Functionalist attacks and interlingual rendition quality appraisal. InCurrent Issues in Language and Society. Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 7 34. Munday, J. 2008.Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications. 2nd erectile dysfunction. London: Routledge. Nord, Chritiane. 1997. Translation as a Purposeful Activity. Manchester: St Jerome. Nord, Chritiane. 2001. Loyalty revisited: Bible interlingual rendition as a instance in point. The Translator.Vol. 7 No 2, pp. 185 202.. Nord, Chritiane. 2005.Text Analysis in Translation: Theory, Methodology, and Didactic Application of a Model for Translation-Oriented Text Analysis.2nd erectile dysfunction. Amsterdam: Rodopi. Nord, Chritiane. 2007. Function plus Loyalty: Ethical motives in Professional Translation. InGenesis Revista Cientifica do ISAG. Vol 6, pp. 7 17. Pym, Anthony. 1996. Material text transportation as a key to the intents of interlingual rendition. In Albrecht Neubert, Gregory Shreve and Klaus Gommlich ( explosive detection systems. ) 1996,Basic Issues in Translation Studies. Proceedings of the Fifth international Conference Kent Forum on Translation Studies II, Kent/Ohio: Institute of Applied Linguistics, 337-346. Pym, Anthony. 2001. Introduction: The return to moralss in interlingual rendition surveies .The Translator.Vol. 7 No 2, pp. 129 138. Vermeer, Hans J. Skopos and committee in translational action. In L.Venuti ( erectile dysfunction )The Translation Studies Reader. 2nd erectile dysfunction. New York: Routledge, pp. 227 238.

Ground invetigation in South Florida and Hong Kong Dissertation

Ground invetigation in South Florida and Hong Kong - Dissertation Example This research is the best example of comparison between the two processes of ground investigations in the two countries Hong Kong and the South Florida state in USA. It shows that majority of ground investigation procedures in Hong Kong are involved with minerals and rocks contained on the subsurface. In Florida the process involves looking at the density and structures of soil types; this is to establish permeability to erosion. Geotechnical problems are similar with large parts having the same type of deposit. For example, the droughts occurring in the South Florida during the summers of 1947 and 1976 led to frequent observations of structural distress in houses founded on fatty clays such as the Clearly, when small structures are to be placed on such soils, their foundations will almost certainly need to go to greater depths this is dictated solely by the strength of the soil. This kind of problem is not the solitary example of its kind; Hong Kong clay regularly contains excessive amounts of soluble sulphates, this necessitates the use of sulphate battling cement. Additional instance chalk and limestone outcrops frequently contain filled dissolution features which may become unbalanced and collapse if erected upon. Another collection of problems that may be perceived from the geological map relays to the mixture of geological and topographical features. Cambering, valley protruding, gulls and dip/fault schedules are often connected to the margins of valleys wherever hard rock overlie clay. Gulls take the method of splits, often successively parallel to the deepest valley. ... There are three geographical areas: Atlantic coastal plain, Florida uplands and the East Gulf coastal plain, these make the geographical land areas of the Floridian landscape. They are structured as follows: The Atlantic coastal plain contains a landscape which is low; it also contains strips of sand bars, barrier islands and a number of coral reefs. Majority of lands are saturated with water during the rainy seasons. The east gulf coastal plan is land containing a barrier island and swamplands covering nearly the entire land. In the Florida uplands, the land is characterized by low rolling hills with red clay types of soils. Forests are majorly located in the upper South Floridian areas where water bodies are dominant. Geographical Features of Hong Kong Hong Kong is a country located in East Asia; with land approximately 1054 km3 and 500 m2 islands. The geographical areas of Hong Kong contain 3 main features which include: Hong Kong Island, New territories and the Kowloon peninsula. The land scape of the country is graded as fairly hilly, with other places having mountainous hilly steep slopes. With a territory of about 1092 square kilometers, only 25% of this is developed the others are localities for parks and other reserves. The soil in Hong Kong has a number of mineral deposits, with igneous activities primary responsible for this. Faulting has also been discovered as the other cause of mineral concentrations, this is as a result of hydro-thermal activity. The land use consists of 5% arable land, 1.01% permanent crops like forests and 93.94% being land for other uses. The countries lowest point is the South China Sea, while the highest point is the Tai Mo Shan (Rahman & Mushtoque, 2006, pp. 50). Another factor that influences soil

Israeli Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) in Defence Research Proposal

Israeli Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) in Defence against Terrorism - Research Proposal Example As PMSCs provide specialized security that resembles the services of the military, the Israel government’s decision to outsource military functions to the private security company was condemned (Schooner & Swan, 2012). Many believed that such companies are often involved in grave violation of human rights and are not capable of combating lone terrorists who are becoming common in the present Israel state (Hammes, 2010). However, despite the presence of heavily armed police officers in places such as Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, attackers still manage to attack such places killing people in mosques, buses, and other congregational sites (Sommer, 2014). Most of these attackers are classified as Lone Wolves terrorists as they carry out extemporaneous attacks and have no noticeable group collaboration (Wallwork,  2005). Whereas Benjamin Netanyahu, the Prime Minister, has accused the political class of complicity through incitement, the security system admits that good intelligence is not sufficient in predicting the soft targets of Lone Wolves terrorists and the utilization of private security services would reinforce the efforts of the military (Tait, 2015). This research proposal has the aim of exploring the effectiveness of the PMSCs in curbing terrorism in Israel. What’s more, this comprehensive project will study how efficient PMSCs are in combating lone terrorism by delving into the nature of the lone terrorism attacks in Israel that have been combated through use of PMSCs services. In answering the questions, the research will be able to explicate the effectiveness of PMSCs in combating terrorism in Israel. Moreover, it will help in bolstering the efficacy and proficiency of PMSCs services in the war against terrorism as well as defining better alternatives of combating terrorism. In a research conducted by III (2008), 185 people were interviewed on the use of contracted militias in

Active Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay Example for Free

Active Voluntary and Nonvoluntary Euthanasia Essay The term euthanasia originated from the Greek word for good death. It is the act or practice of ending the life of a person either by lethal injection or the deferment of medical treatment (Munson, 2012, p. 578). Many view euthanasia as simply bringing relief by alleviating pain and suffering. Euthanasia has been a long-standing ethical debate for decades in the United States. Active euthanasia is only legal in the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg. Assisted suicide is legal in Switzerland and in the United States in the states of Washington, Oregon and Montana (Angell). Several surveys indicate that roughly two thirds of the American public now support physician-assisted suicide, and more than half the doctors in the United States do too (Angell). Active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia matter because they allow the patient or family to relieve them of pain and suffering, and to die with dignity and respect. In this paper I will argue that it is immoral and unethical to deny a patient the right to die and that active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia should be a legal practice in the United States. When denied the right to die one can endure a tremendous amount of physiological and emotional pain. The 1973 case of Dax Cowart is a great example of this. Dax went through fourteen months of grueling, barbaric treatments of skin debriding, tank soakings, and dressing changes. He compared the debridements to being skinned alive and the solutions poured over his skin were like having alcohol poured over raw flesh except it burns more and longer (Asher). Dax requested on several different occasions to just leave him alone and let him die but all of his physicians’ refused his requests and kept going with their treatment plan. The physicians were going against the principle of non-maleficence, which states, â€Å" Physicians have an obligation to do no harm to the patient† (Munson, 2012, p. 892). Dax suffered through painful debridements for months without proper pain control because his physicians were too worried about him becoming addicted to the pain medications. They knew how painful these debridements were for their patient and they continued to maintain the same treatment plan with no modifications. They deliberately violated the principle of non-maleficence. If active voluntary euthanasia were an acceptable practice in society, Dax ould have been able to refuse the treatments and die by way of infection, or a physician could have given him a lethal injection. Either of these options would have helped Dax to die keeping his wishes of dignity and respect intact. In this case, death is less harmful than the barbaric treatments that Dax had to endure for countless months. Today, many Americans are so concerned about the possibility of a lingering, high technology death that they are responsive to the idea of doctors being allowed to help them die (Angell). This is why we need to legalize active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia in the United States. In an article from The New England Journal of Medicine, Marcia Angell states, â€Å"The most important ethical principle in medicine is respect for each patients autonomy, and that when this principle conflicts with others, it should almost always take precedence† (Angell). To deny someone his or her autonomy is to treat that individual as something less than a person (Munson, 2012, p. 900). It is wrong to take control of someone else’s life and to dictate their actions. Each person has a right to act autonomously; in doing this they must have the ability to choose among different options. A forced option is no option at all (Munson, 2012, p. 901). Dax Cowart was denied his autonomy when the doctors would not listen to his wishes of wanting to die; instead they did what they wanted. Munson states that, â€Å"Making decisions for the good of others, without consulting their wishes, deprives them of their status as autonomous agents† (Munson, 2012, p. 902). Dax was not given options to choose from, nor was his voice heard at all in the process, which violated the entire principle of autonomy. It should have been his choice because it was his life. In a completely different case, Terri Schiavo was denied her autonomy when she was kept alive on a feeding tube, when she had previously stated this was not what she wanted if it ever came down to it. With our autonomy, we should have the right to say how and when we die. It should not be based solely on societies morals, values, and beliefs. No one else should have the right to decide how one ends their life, except for that person. We value our autonomy because we are more willing to live with our own choices then to have somebody else decide for us. Active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia give patients their autonomy and right to die with dignity. Active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be an approved practice because it allows patients who are in a persistent vegetative state the chance to die with dignity, while allowing their loved ones to keep their morals and values in place. Patients that end up in such unfortunate circumstances are unable to use their autonomy and make decisions regarding their treatment and potential end of life care. Maintaining one’s autonomy is part of a dignified death. If these were approved practices, it would allow family members the chance to put an end to their loved one’s suffering the way they would have wanted. It is unethical to force someone to do something against their will, as it is also immoral to make someone live if it’s against their wants or beliefs. On February 26, 1990, Terri Schiavo collapsed and unexpectedly went into a persistent vegetative state, where she remained for fifteen years by sustaining artificial hydration and nutrition through a feeding tube. Terri lost all dignity and autonomy when her terminal illness came, requiring care around the clock. Michael Schiavo believed that his wife would not want to be kept alive in her condition, which ultimately lead to his decision of discontinuing her feeding tube. After a long, tortuous thirteen days, Terri starved to death. The way Terri died was very inhumane and unethical; however it is an approved practice in the United States that continues to be used even today. If active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia were an acceptable practice in the United States, patients like Terri would not have to die in such a barbaric way. It is unethical to allow a patient to starve to death, as it is also unethical to deny a patient the right to die (Munson, 2012). Non-voluntary euthanasia would have allowed Terri to die pain free with her dignity and wishes in place. In Timothy Quill’s article, Death and Dignity, A Case of Individualized Decision Making, he talks about his patient Diane, who was diagnosed with leukemia. Diane denied all treatments and eventually agreed upon home hospice care. It was extremely important to Diane to maintain control of herself and her dignity during the time remaining to her. She wanted to remain an autonomous person, and when this was no longer possible, she clearly wanted to die. She asked Dr. Quill for sleeping pills, which he wrote a prescription for knowing she had trouble sleeping, but also knowing it could be a means to an end when the time came for Diane. Diane was able to make an informed decision to take her own life and to die with dignity and her wishes respected in the end. Dr. Quill states, â€Å"I know we have measures to help control pain and lessen suffering, to think that people do not suffer in the process of dying is an illusion† (Quill 2). This is why people in our society should be more open-minded to active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia. These two concepts can allow our terminally ill, suffering, loved ones to die with the dignity and respect they deserve, like Diane was able to do. Patients who are diagnosed with a terminal illness such as cancer or progressive neurological disorders eventually become weak and debilitated. These patients end up relying on family, friends, and healthcare workers to help them do their activities of daily living such as batheing and eating. Many of these terminally ill patients lay in bed suffering, with zero quality of life, just waiting to die. These patients have lost their will to live and find no joy or simple pleasures left in life because their pain has become too unbearable. These patients suffer on a daily basis, while family and friends watch, helplessly; as their loved ones decline day by day. It is unethical for society to expect these patients to go on with the quality of life they are maintaining. Terminally ill patients should be allowed to control their demise and end their suffering at their own disposal. Therefore, active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be a socially acceptable and approved legal practice in the United States. One could oppose the original argument saying that active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia should remain illegal in the United States because it is inhumane and barbaric. Patients do have other options such as hospice programs and pain control. These provide alternative options that can be ethically and morally acceptable in our society. There are a number of options to treat chronic pain such as narcotics. There are an enormous variety of narcotics on the market, all of which can be tried until a specific one is found to be to right for that patient. Palliative care and hospice programs are gaining more attention for the end of life care they provide for terminally ill patients. The goals of these programs are based on comfort care, dignity and respect to the terminally ill patient. These programs allow patients to die with their dignity, respect, morals, and values all in place. Due to the fact that there are other options available for terminally ill patients, other than death, active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should remain an illegal practice in the United States. Another powerful argument made by Marcia Angell is that â€Å"people do not need assistance to commit suicide, with enough determination they can do it themselves† (Angell). People who are too debilitated for physical means can simply just stop eating and drinking and ultimately starve to death, while others given a terminal diagnosis, that have physical means, can end their lives by pills or a gun. This is another reason why active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should remain an illegal practice in the United States. In response to this objection, a rule utilitarian could argue that, the taking of a human life is permissible when suffering is intense and the condition of the person permits no legitimate hope (Munson, 2012, p. 84). Pain cannot always be controlled by narcotics and pain-alleviating techniques, there will always be a small percentage of patients whose suffering simply cannot be adequately controlled. Palliative care and hospice programs are a great idea but are not available to everyone because not everyone has insurance and the means to afford them. They can be very pricy and space is very limited, even with insurance and affordab ility in place. Allowing active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia would give patients more ethical options for death, rather then having to commit the ultimate sin of suicide by starvation or the use of a gun. It is unethical to make a person feel that starvation or the use a gun are their only options. Having the options that active voluntary and nonvoluntary euthanasia can give, would enable a patient to many more ethical options for death, which would ultimately, relieve family members from having to deal with the emotional pain and suffering of finding their loved one’s mutilated body after a self inflicted suicide by use of a gun. Based on the ethical dilemma at hand, my three points have proven that active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be a legal practice in the United States. One could object this, but I have proven my argument by the physiological and emotional pain one can endure when denied the right to die, by maintaining patients’ autonomy and dignity throughout the process, and by focusing on the quality of life for patients diagnosed with terminal illnesses. The long-standing ethical debate of euthanasia is decades old and will never have a perfect resolution, but one must take into account all sides of each argument to make an informed decision for their self. It is crucial that society remain open-minded regarding this issue. It is unethical to deny a person the right to die. Therefore, active voluntary and non-voluntary euthanasia should be made an approved and acceptable end of life medical practice in the United States.

Should Marijuana be Legalized for AIDS Use? :: social issues

Should Marijuana be Legalized for AIDS Use? Fifteen years ago the word AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) was barely used in the United States. Today, it's on the cover of every newspaper, and parents and kids discuss it regularly in the household. It is no longer considered someone else's problem; it is now everyone's problem. Not a day goes by that a person doesn't worry about AIDS. The fear of AIDS is heightened only by the fact that there is no cure. People with AIDS must live with the fact that they are eventually going to die. Their death comes slowly and painfully. Each day they take pills and shots that provide temporary relief, but in the long run, they only make matters worse. Some pill's side effects are worse than some of the disease's symptoms. What if there was a drug that could ease some of this pain? Scientists and researchers seem to believe that they have found this miracle drug. Believe it or not, this miracle drug has been used for decades. Just recently, medical doctors suggested that marijuana be used to treat some symptoms of AIDS. This proposal brings forth both medical and ethical questions. Why exactly should marijuana be legalized for AIDS use? Many doctors believe that cannabis is particularly useful in the treatment of AIDS Wasting Syndrome. They believe that it causes the patient to develop an appetite, therefore causing them to gain weight. It is also believed that marijuana helps relieve nausea caused by AIDS and other AIDS treatments. Patients have gone on record stating that marijuana has helped tremendously in the relief of AIDS related illnesses. If marijuana has been used for so many years why are we just now recognizing its medical potential? Marijuana has been suggested for medical use for many years, and yet it has always been put on the back burner. This brings up the ethical side of the argument. In the past decades marijuana has been highly abused. The main concern of legalizing this drug is that the government is making it easier for anyone to buy it on the street. The government also wants to get the point across that smoking cannabis isn't going to make the disease go away; it may only help stop some of the pain. This argument doesn't seem to have a correct answer. On one hand we can lock down and keep marijuana away from our children, and on the other we can let sick people suffer.

Mummion risk assessment Essay

ChemicalProced-ure or equipm-ent Risks Precautions to be taken Safety regulations Concentrated sulphuric acid Test tube and pipette Corrosive skin and toxic if swollen Wear goggles and gloves when In contact with thisKeep locked up. Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapour/spray. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show The container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing Agents, combustible materials, organic materials, metals, acids, alkalis, moisture. May corrode metallic surfaces. Silver nitrate solution Test tube Toxic Avoid being in physical contact with this as it can stain skin and clothing but this is not so dangerous If this product comes in contact with the eyes immediately flush the eyes with water to prevent this always wear goggles. If this product is inhaled remove from contaminated area in serious cases, it is advisable to take the person to hospital. Nitric acidTest tube Corrosive on skin and toxic if swollen Wear goggles and a lab coat to prevent physical contact Immediately flush eyes with large amounts of water for at least 30 minutes and lift lower and upper eyelid as you are showering the eye. Barium chloride Test tube Toxic to the gut Avoid skin and eye contact. Avoid inhalation or ingestion of the powder. ¬ immediately wash Skin, eyes or the affected area with large amounts of water until all evidence of the chemical has been removed (approximately 15 minutes). If irritation or pain persist seek medical attention Cyclohexane Test tube Toxic Eye and skin contact with liquid causes pain and irritation. Repeated skin contact degreases the skin and may cause cracking Ammonia Test tube Toxic May explode if heated for too long. Corrosive to eyes and skin and toxic if inhaled Immediately rinse the affected area with Luke warm water until the burning or irritation is relieved. Hydrochloric acid Pipette, test tube Corrosive on skin and toxic if swollen A lab coat and goggles should be worn and if it’s a stronger concentration of HCl, nitrile gloves and a fume hood should be used.In the eye Flood the eye with gently-running tap water for 10 minutes. See a doctor. †¢ Vapour breathed in Remove to fresh air. Call a  doctor if breathing is difficult. †¢ Swallowed Do no more than wash out the mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting. Sips of water may help cool the throat and help keep the airway open

Our Society vs Guy Montag Fahrenheit 451 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 393 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Fahrenheit 451 Essay Ray Bradbury Essay Did you like this example? Is Technology making us worse or better as a society compared to Fahrenheit 451? Fahrenheit 451 published in 1953 looks at a society thats so dependent on technology and distracted from television that it poses a threat to humans relationships. As in Fahrenheit 451, the world we live in tend to be more into technology/electronics than people. In the novel a great part of the population uses technology and I believe it is making the world worse. Difference in society In the novel of Fahrenheit 451 the society is where the government has taken all the control, self expression is prohibited, and firemen didnt save lives and put out fire they burned books in homes. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Our Society vs Guy Montag Fahrenheit 451" essay for you Create order In our society today, the government has a lot of control, but we are still allowed to have self expression and the basic human rights. Also in our society reading is still a big part of our world in teaching, and there is many books used today. Advance in Technology In the novel of Fahrenheit 451 the society depends on the advancing of technology. The characters in the novel live in rooms that have television that are in their walls. They live in a society where books are not needed or allowed. Also, when more technology is invented the more they become attached. Entertainment replaced reflection and debate which can play a big part in the choices people make. In the society today, technology also plays a huge role in how we do things. Its similar because technology controls us just like it controls the society in Fahrenheit 451. We use social media to socialize rather than in person. Human interaction has decreased because we choose to text each other, tweet, etc. Happiness? In the novel happiness plays a huge role in Montags life. Montag realizes he is not happy, after he has met Clarisse a teenager. Clarisse is Montag neighbor who is different because her and her family take walks, have conversations, and express how they feel. Clarisse and her family were consider the total opposite of the typical family in this novel. Happiness change how Montag thought, and he put himself in harm ways as an enemy of the government. In our society, happiness is the American dream. Some people will do anything to get happiness and what would happen if the government took that away like they did in the book?